Why Are Travel Vaccines Important?
If you’ve been following the news, you might have heard about recent measles outbreaks in countries like Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam(1). These outbreaks serve as a stark reminder of the risks travelers face without proper vaccinations. While diseases like measles may not always be top of mind when planning a trip, the reality is that travel exposes you to new health risks—many of which can be prevented with the right vaccines.
So, how do you know which travel vaccines you actually need?
There’s a wealth of information online, but sorting through it can be overwhelming. Many travelers choose to visit a travel clinic for advice, which is a great option. But if you prefer to take matters into your own hands—and save money in the process—this guide will show you how to research travel vaccines, find trusted resources, and budget effectively for your health needs.
How to Research for Travel Vaccines
When it comes to researching vaccines for your destination, trusted resources are key. Start by checking reputable websites like:
- CDC Travel Health Destinations – Destination-specific vaccine guidance
- NaTHNaC TravelHealthPro – UK-based travel health advice
- Fit for Travel (NHS Scotland) – Region-specific disease risks
- WHO International Travel & Health – Global travel health recommendations
- WHO Yellow Fever Risk Countries and Requirements
These sites offer recommendations for routine vaccines, COVID-19 vaccines, and destination-specific vaccines like Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Chikungunya and Yellow Fever, as well as advice on health risks like Dengue or Malaria and more.
Important Tip: The only vaccines officially required for entry into countries are typically the Yellow Fever vaccine (for high-risk countries) and Meningococcal vaccine (for religious pilgrimages)(2,3). However, other vaccines are strongly recommended for your health and safety. When travelling from an yellow fever at risk country to another, the latter country may require a yellow fever certificate to enter(2). Only authorized clinics can provide the certificate, see the link above for authorized centers in Canada and US.
Money-Saving Strategies for Travel Vaccines
So, where do you begin when looking for ways to save on the travel vaccines you need for your destination?
1. Check Your Past Vaccination Records
Before you start spending money, take a look at your vaccination history. If you’ve had vaccinations for school, work, or previous travels, you may not need certain shots again. For example, once you have two doses of Hepatitis A vaccine, CDC does not recommend booster doses after(4).
If you work in healthcare or the food industry, you might have received vaccines like Hepatitis A as part of your job’s health guidelines, saving you money on unnecessary shots.
2. Compare Prices Between Clinics
Prices can vary widely between clinics. Some may charge a consultation fee or administration fee on top of the vaccine cost. If you’re open to researching on your own, consider getting your vaccines at a local pharmacy or doctor’s office, which might offer lower rates. While cost-saving is important, never compromise on vaccine safety or effectiveness. Always discuss your vaccine choices and any cost-saving strategies with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist to ensure they are appropriate for your individual health needs and travel plans.
3. Look for Combination Vaccines and Alternative Forms
Combination vaccines and different forms can save you both time and money. For example:
- Malaria medications: Vary by type, with daily and weekly options—each with different costs.
- Hepatitis A & B: A combination shot is available for those who needs both called Twinrix.
- Typhoid: Available in both oral and injectable forms, each offering different durations of protection.
4. Check Your Insurance Coverage
Many insurance policies, including workplace health plans or university health insurance, may cover the cost of travel vaccines. Be sure to check your insurance before paying out of pocket!
Timeline for Getting Travel Vaccines
Ideally, you should start planning for your vaccines at least 6 weeks before your trip. This gives you enough time to get the necessary vaccinations and follow up with any booster shots. Some vaccines require multiple doses over several weeks (e.g., Japanese Encephalitis, which usually requires two doses 28 days apart).
Pro Tip: Start early to avoid last-minute stress, and check if the vaccines you need are available in combination forms to reduce the number of shots.
Last-Minute Travelers Tips
Even if you’re running out of time, you can still get protection. Many vaccines offer single-dose protection, and certain vaccines like Twinrix (Hepatitis A & B) and IXIARO (Japanese Encephalitis) have accelerated schedules(5). Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist about available options.
For last-minute travelers who are leaving for extended stays abroad, consider getting vaccines upon arrival at your destination at a local clinic. For example, if you are arriving at Bangkok before traveling to other destinations, there are local travel clinics with English speaking staff that can provide the needed vaccines.
Common Travel Vaccines Explained
While some vaccines are commonly recommended for travelers, your specific vaccination needs will depend on your destination, itinerary, and planned activities. Different regions pose unique health risks, and in some cases, vaccination may be required for entry.
Here’s a breakdown of common vaccine recommendations based on broad travel destinations:
1. For travel to many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia
Depending on which parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia you may need vaccines to protect against waterborne and foodborne illnesses. Recommended vaccines may include:
✔ Hepatitis A – transmitted through contaminated food and water.
✔ Typhoid – a bacterial infection spread via food and water.
✔ Cholera – recommended for high-risk areas with outbreaks.
2. Tropical and Subtropical Regions
Warmer climates increase the risk of mosquito-borne diseases, so travelers should consider:
✔ Yellow Fever – required for entry in some countries.
✔ Malaria prophylaxis – not a vaccine, but medication for prophylaxis.
✔ Dengue Fever precautions – no vaccine is widely available yet, but prevention is key.
3. Regions with High Animal Exposure Risk
Travelers spending time in rural areas or interacting with animals should consider:
✔ Rabies vaccine – crucial for high-risk areas, especially if you’ll be hiking, working with animals, or staying in remote locations where medical care may be delayed.
4. Religious Pilgrimages & Special Travel Requirements
Certain destinations require vaccines for entry, particularly for religious pilgrimages:
✔ Meningococcal vaccine – required for Hajj in Saudi Arabia.
✔ Yellow Fever vaccine – required for travelers from or transiting through at-risk countries.
Because vaccine recommendations can change based on outbreaks and travel conditions, always check reputable sources like the CDC, WHO, or your country’s health department before you go.
Understanding Travel Vaccines: What You Need to Know
When planning a trip abroad, vaccines help protect you from preventable diseases that may be uncommon in your home country. But how do you know which ones you need?
✔ Routine Vaccines – Ensure you’re up to date on standard vaccines like tetanus, diphtheria, measles, polio, and influenza before traveling. Outbreaks of diseases like measles are increasing globally, so even common vaccines remain important.
✔ Travel-Specific Vaccines – These depend on your destination, activities, and length of stay. For example, hepatitis A is a risk in many developing regions, while yellow fever vaccination is required for entry in certain countries.
✔ Mosquito-Borne Illness Prevention – Diseases like malaria, dengue, and yellow fever are common in tropical regions. Some have vaccines (like yellow fever), while others require preventive measures like antimalarial pills and insect repellents.
✔ Exposure-Based Vaccines – If your trip involves close contact with animals, outdoor adventures, or remote locations, consider vaccines like rabies or Japanese encephalitis for extra protection.
Making Travel Health a Priority
Travel should be exciting, not stressful due to illness. Taking the time to research and get the right vaccines ensures you stay healthy and focus on enjoying your trip.
✔ Start planning early – Ideally 6 weeks before departure to allow time for vaccines and boosters.
✔ Check your records – You may already be protected against some diseases.
✔ Use trusted sources – CDC, WHO, travel clinics, and government websites.
✔ Save money wisely – Compare prices, check insurance coverage, and look for combination vaccines.
Visit your doctor, travel clinic, or pharmacist to discuss your specific needs. Safe travels!
Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Travel health recommendations, including vaccinations, can vary depending on individual health conditions, travel destinations, and other factors. Always consult with a healthcare professional, travel clinic, or pharmacist before making any decisions regarding vaccinations or travel health. The content of this article is based on reputable sources, but it is important to stay updated on travel health guidelines from trusted authorities such as the CDC, WHO, or your local health department.
References
(1) https://www.cdc.gov/global-measles-vaccination/data-research/global-measles-outbreaks/index.html
(3) https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/saudi-arabia
(4) https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/hepatitis-a
(5) https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/last-minute-travelers